Thursday, 10 August 2023

1914-15 Star and Victory Medal to 20870 PTE. G. COX SOUTH LANCS, twice wounded in action

1914-15 Star and Victory Medal to 20870 PTE. G. COX SOUTH LANCS, twice wounded in action

George Cox served as a Private in the South Lancashire Regiment under the regimental number 20870, probably enlisting, like 20877 Pte Thomas Mather (a 21-year-old engine winder from Windle), at St Helens on or around 4 September 1914. From Larkhill Camp, travelling via Southampton and Le Havre, he entered the France and Flanders theatre on 6 November 1915 with the 11th (Service) Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment (St Helens Pioneers). The battalion served as a pioneer battalion for 30th Division. At some point he was attached to the Royal Engineers. The battalion’s service in this period included the Battle of the Somme 1916, the pursuit to the Hindenburg Line in early 1917, and the Battle of Arras.

 

In July 1917 the battalion was engaged in pioneer work to support the opening attack of the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July 1917), continuing in this role until 6 August when it was sent to Lindenhoek to work on the Messines Ridge defences. The battalion then took part in the Battle of Pilckem Ridge.

 

With the South Lancashire, Pte Cox was reported as Wounded in War Office Daily List No. 5458, Report Date. 5 January 1918, and was thereby entitled to wear a "Wound Stripe" as authorised under Army Order 204 of 6th July 1916. This would suggest that he was wounded some time in late November or early December 1917.

 

From the second half of November the battalion was based in the Ypres, Voormezle and then Zillebeke areas, and undertaking a variety of work related to erection of Nissen huts, construction of communications trenches and supporting points, track laying, road mending, etc. The battalion suffered 9 other ranks wounded in November and 20 wounded in December, and Pte Cox was presumably one of these.

 

Pte Cox was then again reported as Wounded in War Office Daily List No. 5554, Report Date 1 May 1918, for which he was entitled to wear a second "Wound Stripe" as authorised under Army Order 204 of 6th July 1916. The list confirmed his Next of Kin Address as St Helens. This most probably indicates that he was wounded in late March 1918, to coincide with the period of the German Spring Offensive 1918. In this action the battalion experienced the German offensive at Savy-Roupy opposite St. Quentin. If so, he would have been one of 149 other ranks wounded during the period (along with 14 killed, 34 wounded and missing,  and 176 missing, 14 died of wounds and 20 wounded and subsequently rejoined).

 

The battalion had been in the St Quentin area since the previous month doing a variety of work on the trench lines, redoubts and keeps in the Forward, Battle and Rear zones. The transcription of the battalion war diary by (c) David Risley and Charles Fair 2012 gives the situation on 21st March, the opening day of the German Spring Offensive, as follows:

 

"On the morning of the 21st. My Battalion was situated as follows :- One Company at Savvy Wood Dugouts. One Company in Roupy. One Company split up between L'Epine de Dallon - Roupy and the back area.

In accordance with Divisional Defence Scheme, as soon as enemy artillery fire made it seem probable that an attack was imminent, all Companies proceeded to Fluquieres. The Company in Savy Wood lost a certain number of men owing to the fact that the enemy put down a heavy barrage of Gas and H.E. Shells. A few men who were working with the R.E.s. in L'Epine de Dallon did not get clear.

15:00 At 3 o'clock p.m. we were ordered to withdraw from Fluquieres to the quarry behind Aviation Wood.

This was done and picquets were posted on the East side of Aviation Wood.

19:30 About 7.30 p.m. G.S.O. 3 30th Division informed me that I was to be responsible for my own defence. I accordingly took up a line between Hill Wood and Aviation Wood running from F.25.B.3.2. - F.25.D.6.8. - to L.1.b.5.0. - L.1.D.3.2. This line was dug and partially wired.

 

22/03/1918 I informed G.O.C. 21st Brigade my position and received orders that I was to hold on to the position and if the infantry in front were compelled to withdraw, they would withdraw through me and reform behind. The Battalion remained here, with picquets out in front Aviation Wood and one each flank until 6 p.m. on the 22nd.

About that time two Companies of the 17th. Kings withdrew on to our line and were being placed into position to strengthen our line when orders were received that all troops were to withdraw in an orderly fashion on HAM. At the time with withdrew the enemy was just coming into view on the [crest?] S.E. of Aviation Wood.

On arrival at Ham I received orders to bivouac at EPPEVILLE"

 

The following two days saw the battalion in retreat via defensive positions at Eppeville, Verlaines (where further casualties were taken), a rearguard action by the Lewis Gunners and two companies plus the reserve company back to Moyencourt, and further rearguard activity against the enemy only 1000 yards away at Esmery Hallon, after which the battalion was sent overnight to Roieglise [sic], arriving on the morning of the 25th, there forming a temporary composite battalion. On 26 March the composite battalion marched to Rouvroy, handing back its men to their parent units on the way, and there took up defensive positions until ordered to withdraw on the 27th owing to withdrawals on their flanks. This was later determined to have been a mistaken order and the battalion took part in a counter-attack with four other battalions towards Folies and the Folies-Arvillers road until held up, when it consolidated, the 11th South Lancashire digging a support line. The morning of 28 March saw the battalion initially moving men from the support line up to the left flank due to heavy shelling, and then being deployed to the right flank along with some of the 19th King’s Liverpool Regiment owing to the withdrawal of the Royal Irish Rifles, successfully preventing the enemy from coming out from Arvillers. All this took place amid some general confusion as to flanking units and defensive positions, continuing until the 30th Division finally handed over its line to the French on the afternoon of 28 March and the battalion withdrew to Rouvrel.

 

Subsequently, presumably after recovering from his wound, Pte Cox was transferred to the Lancashire Fusiliers, with whom he served in the 19th Battalion (3rd Salford Pals), also a pioneer battalion (for 49th Division), under the Regimental number 49415. It seems possible that he may have been one of the 20 other ranks who rejoined 11th South Lancashires after wounding and was then one of 301 other ranks transferred to the 19th Lancashire Fusiliers on 12 May 1918, along with the 11th’s Commanding Officer, Lt-Col Fenn. This would have put Pte Cox in line to serve with the 19th Battalion at Naves in October (where, serving once again as infantry, it made a frontal attack on a German position at a cost of 60 casualties amongst the 320 men attacking), and at Valenciennes on 1 November, where the battalion undertook various work to support the 49th Division’s advance, including placing bridges over the Rhonelle over which the 147th Brigade then attacked.

 

Pte Cox was discharged to the Class 'Z' Army Reserve on 27 January 1919. He would have received his 1914-15 Star and his British War and Victory Medal some time after December 1920 and November 1920, respectivel

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